SA closes consulate in Lagos after anti-xenophobia unrest | News | National | M

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CHILDREN ARE THE FUTURE

A universally accepted definition does not exist with regard to what is considered ‘urban’ and what is considered a part of the ‘city.’ This gap complicates the comparative statistics on the subject. According to UNICEF the definition of an “urban zone” differs from one country to another and is constantly revised. An urban zone is characterized by one or more of the following components: administrative criterion or political frontiers, population density, economic function and the presence of specific urban features (roads, pavement, electric lighting, and sewage systems). Rural zones include the entire population, territory and other resources of the countryside – in other words, the areas located outside of the large, urbanized centers. Child malnutrition Malnutrition is a common pathological condition in both rural and urban areas. Its short- and long-term effects (such as late mental development, greater exposure to infectious diseases, and risk of chronic illness in adulthood) are extensive. In countries with weak revenue, malnutrition often results from poverty, frequently associated with the weak economic status of the family, the environment, difficult housing conditions, and insufficient access to food, clean water, news, and medical assistance. In certain countries, developmental restrictions are equally widespread – with many cases of malnutrition recorded in the poorest children from urban zones more so than the disadvantaged children from the rural areas. Access to health services The condition of children in rural zones is unstable since health care is a privilege that is only accessible for a small affluent portion of the population. Because of this harsh lack of resources, the quality of health for impoverished children remains very low. Studies of the urban setting demonstrate elevated levels of infant mortality that are principally caused by large concentrations of poverty and insufficient services that one finds in the savage urban settlements like the slums and shanty towns. Child education The discrepancies in child education between urban and rural areas are important. Children living in rural zones experience a serious lack of education in comparison with children in urban zones. Consequently – according to recent estimates – 25% of children that are of age to attend primary school in rural zones are not educated versus 16% of children of the same age living in urban areas. Despite efforts deployed by the states to develop the education of children at the primary and secondary levels, the rate of education still remains low especially in rural areas and for girls in particular. Car accidents Research shows that children living in urban zones are much more affected by this phenomenon. A report published in 2012 from UNICEF on ‘the state of children in the world’ reveals that motorized traffic poses a physical threat to children in urban areas. This seems understandable when taking into account the lack of playgrounds and pedestrian infrastructures like sidewalks and crosswalks. Contrary to the urban conditions, the scarcity of roads and vehicles in rural areas diminishes accidents that involve children. The World Health Organization considers road accidents to be the second highest cause of deaths in children ages 5 to 14. They estimate 1.3 million child deaths occur every year across the globe due to car crashes. Violence Urban centers experience an unprecedented growth due to a rise in births and the rural exodus. In a world that is more and more urbanized, violence has reached epidemic proportions due to various factors that come into play. This phenomenon affects more and more children notably in the ‘bidonvilles’ (shanty towns) that already shelter a billion children across the world. Employment there is rare and there are many people who resort to secretive means of survival, sometimes even means of a criminal nature. Recreational activities that are open to all such as sports (soccer), arts (dancing) could capture children’s attention in both rural and urban zones.

MAYO ZIMBABWE commemorating World AIDS DAY

https://www.newsday.co.zw/2011/01/21/2011-01-21-mayo-changing-the-rivers-flow/

"MAYO CHANGING THE RIVERS FLOW"

Changing people’s perceptions and behaviours based on cultural, political and traditional practices is not a mean feat, especially in rural areas where such practices are a matter of course. This is the mammoth task faced by Marvel Acts Youth Organisation of Zimbabwe (Mayo)  in Mutoko.

As a result they have named their one of their campaigns “Changing the river’s flow series”.

“We have partnered Padare and SafAids in this campaign to influence positive perceptions and behaviours in communities in the face of the menacing HIV and Aids pandemic,” said the executive director of Mayo, Abel Mavura.

Although the young men and women are based in Mutoko, their influential tentacles have reached other areas.

“We have spread our wings to other areas that include Mudzi, Murehwa and Shamva and it is our hope that we will become a nationwide organisation with time,” Mavura said.

“Our main thrust is to change people’s behaviours in this era of HIV and Aids, especially behaviours rooted in negative cultural practices such as polygamy and appeasing evil spirits by marrying off young virgins, among other things,” Emmanuel Manyati, the programme officer, said.

The organisation has now been accepted as an important institution by the local communities.

Headman Robinson Chamanga of Chamanga Village in Makosa area in Mutoko, who is also the overall head of Chimoyo Ward B was full of praises for the youthful organisation.

“We are working well with these young men and women because they are helping communities with information about diseases such as Aids and they are also helping us with development issues. As the local leadership, our wish is that other youths emulate them for the development of our areas,” he said.

“They teach youths a lot in the community especially on issues to do with Aids, abstinence and development and we encourage the youths to attend their informative gatherings.

“The community now appreciates us because they are giving us material and moral support unlike in the beginning,” Mavura said. Manyati chipped in to add: “The community now helps us with food in the form of maize meal and vegetables, among other things, when we have large gatherings.”

It was not a rosy path that led them to where they are today.

Mayo was established at Makosa in 2003, becoming operational in 2005 and the initial thrust was modified to suit the realities on the ground.

“I grew up in both  rural and urban set-up and I noted that most youths would roam the villages doing nothing after completing “O” Level or their high school and I decided to initiate what could gainfully occupy the youths so that they would desist from misdemeanours that would lead to drug abuse, HIV infection and unwanted pregnancies,” narrated Mavura, who is the brains behind the project.

The organisation started as a club with both youths and adults but this arrangement soon brewed problems.

“Adults wanted to lead. They would not listen to our ideas and we decided to go it alone as young people because we wanted positive cultural and behavioural changes concomitant with development. We approached an embassy that promised to assist us to start an orphanage and a vocational training centre but this could not take off because of political interference,” he said sadly.

“We then embarked on income-generating projects such as nursing trees and making freezits for sale, among others,” he said.

“Our breakthrough was in 2005 when Lucy Mazingi of Youth Empowerment trust (Yet) identified us and facilitated small grants for us. We then registered in 2007 as a Trust and we began to get funding from Culture Fund and other donors. We have trained 13 theatre groups in Mutoko as a result,” Manyati expounded.

“We have now partnered Plan International in their youth education programme and I must hasten to say that our partnerships with Plan International and Yet have borne fruit as these two organisations have assisted with institutional funding enabling us to hire qualified personnel for our projects,” said Mavura.
Culture Fund is a very important partner for Mayo because drama is one of their main conduits for information dissemination.

“Our thrust is on transformational theatre in order to effectively address deeply rooted and negative cultural norms,” said Steven Nyamunda, who is the organisation’s head of department for theatre development.

“Our theatre group comprises members from different areas and this enables us to address practical problems from those different areas. We have Mayo senior and junior drama groups. We have often witnessed people crying after our plays confessing that we had touched on their problems. Our performance discussions are very helpful. We get feedback from people and we incorporate this into our plays,” he said.

As a result of their approach to information dissemination, Mayo have become a multi-pronged organisation.

“We have trained a number of drama groups in various schools and villages.

“We use innovative ways to make youths interested in our information dissemination meetings.

“Apart from drama we also use sporting events to entice youths to our programmes and these have become hubs for talent identification. Alvin Mubvakure and Gabriel Musodza were scooped by Premiership side Gunners Footbal Club after they were identified at one of our soccer tournaments.

“We have started a young women’s symposium programme that has seen young women participate in identifying and finding solutions to relevant problems.

“This has opened a window of opportunity as women have become empowered,” said Mavura.

“We are also creating employment for the youth. We have 15 full-time employees and as the institution grows, we will definitely employ more youths and our policy is that we take people from local communities,” said the young director.

Apart from financial problems, the group faces challenges from politicians who want to push their political agendas without “interference”.

“Right now we have suspended our peace building programme because some influential politicians are not comfortable with it. They think we have political agendas, but we don’t. All we want to do is to teach the youths to co-exist with others in communities peacefully,” Mavura explained.

One elder aptly summed up what the local community feels about the organisation:

“We are blessed to have such young men and women in our community. They are doing a wonderful job to build the future of their fellow youths in this menacing world.”